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Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)
Concept Quiz
Chromatography & The Retention Factor ($R_f$)
TLC separates chemical mixtures based on their relative affinities for a Stationary Phase (the polar silica gel plate) and a Mobile Phase (the liquid solvent). Compounds are drawn up the plate by capillary action.
$$R_f = \frac{\text{Distance traveled by substance}}{\text{Distance traveled by solvent front}}$$
"Like Dissolves Like":
Silica gel is highly Polar. Therefore, highly polar molecules stick strongly to the silica and do not travel far (Low $R_f$). Non-polar molecules have little affinity for the silica and travel much further with the solvent (High $R_f$).
Silica gel is highly Polar. Therefore, highly polar molecules stick strongly to the silica and do not travel far (Low $R_f$). Non-polar molecules have little affinity for the silica and travel much further with the solvent (High $R_f$).
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