Chemca Chemistry Made Easy
Derived Molecular Shapes (VSEPR)
Central Atom
Bonded Atom
Lone Pair
Concept Quiz
VSEPR Theory: Lone Pair Effects
The Electron Geometry considers the arrangement of all domains (bonds + lone pairs). However, the Molecular Shape describes only the positions of the atoms. Lone pairs are "invisible" to the shape's name, but they exert powerful repulsive forces that dictate where the bonded atoms are forced to go.
Repulsion Strength:
$LP - LP > LP - BP > BP - BP$
$LP - LP > LP - BP > BP - BP$
Because lone pairs (LP) occupy more space around the central atom than bonding pairs (BP), they compress the ideal bond angles. In geometries like Trigonal Bipyramidal, they selectively occupy specific positions to minimize 90° interactions.
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