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Atomic Radii Visualization
Concept Quiz
Defining Atomic Size
Because electron clouds do not have a sharp, defined boundary, the "size" of an atom cannot be measured directly. Instead, we measure the internuclear distance between two atoms under specific conditions and divide by two.
$$ r = \frac{d}{2} $$
Note: For a given element (like Chlorine), the Van der Waals radius is always larger than the covalent radius because covalent bonding involves the physical overlapping of electron clouds, bringing the nuclei closer together.
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