Chemca Chemistry Made Easy
SN2 Reaction Simulation
Concept Quiz
The SN2 Mechanism
The SN2 (Substitution Nucleophilic Bimolecular) reaction is a concerted, single-step process. The Nucleophile attacks the electrophilic carbon from the backside (exactly 180° opposite the Leaving Group), forcing the molecule to undergo an "umbrella flip" known as a Walden Inversion.
Rate $= k [\text{Substrate}][\text{Nucleophile}]$
Steric Hindrance:
Because the nucleophile must physically squeeze past the other groups to reach the backside of the carbon, the reaction is highly sensitive to steric bulk. Rate order: Methyl > Primary (1°) > Secondary (2°) >> Tertiary (3°). Tertiary substrates are completely blocked!
Because the nucleophile must physically squeeze past the other groups to reach the backside of the carbon, the reaction is highly sensitive to steric bulk. Rate order: Methyl > Primary (1°) > Secondary (2°) >> Tertiary (3°). Tertiary substrates are completely blocked!
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