Tautomerism
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Reaction Chart of Carboxylic acid derivatives: Acid chloride, amide, anhydride, esters
Reaction chart of Acetyl chloride: Reaction chart of acetic anhydride: Reaction chart of Ethyl acetate: Reaction chart of Acetamide:
Mond's Process
It is a technique created by Ludwig Mond in 1899 to extract and purify nickel . It is done by converting nickel oxides (nickel combined with Oxygen ) into pure nickel This process makes use of the fact that carbon monoxide complexes with nickel readily and reversibly give nickel carbonyl. No other element forms a carbonyl compound under the mild conditions used in the process. This process has three steps: 1. Nickel oxide is reacted with syngas at 200 °C to remove oxygen, leaving impure nickel. Impurities include Fe and Co NiO (s) + H 2 (g) → Ni (s) + H 2 O (g) 2. The impure nickel is reacted with excess carbon monoxide at 50 - 60 °C to form tetracarbonyl nickel. Ni (s) + 4 CO (g) → Ni(CO) 4 (g) 3. The mixture of excess carbon monoxide and nickel carbonyl is heated to 220 - 250 °C. On heating, tetracarbonyl nickel decomposes to give nickel: Ni(CO) 4 (g) → Ni (s) + 4 CO (g)
Different types of Polymers ( With examples )
Addition Polymers : Condensation Polymers: Biodegradable Polymers:
