Metallurgical engineering is a branch of engineering that deals with the science and technology of metals and their alloys . It involves the study of the properties and behaviors of metals and how they can be processed, formed, and used in various applications. Metallurgical engineers play a crucial role in the manufacturing industry, as they develop and improve materials used in a wide range of products, from electronics to automobiles. The field of metallurgical engineering is divided into two major areas: physical metallurgy and extractive metallurgy . Physical metallurgy is concerned with the study of the structure and properties of metals and alloys, including their mechanical, electrical, and magnetic properties . Extractive metallurgy, on the other hand, focuses on the processes involved in the extraction and refining of metals from their ores . One of the primary objectives of metallurgical engineering is to understand the behavior of metals under different conditions,...