Over 110 Short Q&A for Thermodynamics (Class 11 NCERT) Part 1: Basic Concepts and First Law of Thermodynamics Q. No. Question Answer 1 What is the System in thermodynamics? The part of the universe chosen for thermodynamic consideration. 2 What is the Surrounding? Everything in the universe other than the system. 3 What is an Isolated System? A system that can exchange neither energy nor matter with the surroundings. 4 What is a Closed System? A system that can exchange energy but not matter with the surroundings. 5 What is an Open System? A system that can exchange both energy and matter with the surroundings. 6 Define an Isothermal Process. A process carried out at constant temperature (ΔT=0). 7 Define an Adiabatic Process. A process where no heat is exchanged between the system and surroundings (q=0). 8 Define an Isobaric Process. A process carried out at constant pressure (ΔP=0). 9 Define an Isochoric Process. A process carried out at constant volume (ΔV=0). 10 What is a ...

  Whether a reaction is product-favored, that is, whether the reactants are converted to products under standard-state conditions, is reflected in the sign of its Δ r G° . This equation Δ r G° =  Δ r H° − T Δ r S° shows that the sign of Δ r G°  depends on the signs of Δ r H°  and Δ r S° , and, in some cases, the absolute temperature (which can only have positive values). Four possibilities exist: Both Δ r H°  and Δ r S°  are positive —an endothermic process with an increase in system entropy. Δ r G°  is negative if  T Δ r S° >  Δ r H° , and positive if  T Δ r S°  < Δ r H° . Such a process is  product-favored at high temperatures and reactant-favored at low temperatures. Both Δ r H°  and Δ r S°  are negative —an exothermic process with a decrease in system entropy. Δ r G°  is negative if | T Δ r S °| < |Δ r H °| and positive if | T Δ r S °| > |Δ r H °|. Such a process is  product-favored at low te...

 Quickly revise about different types of enthalpies of reaction