Coordination Compound Simulator (Werner's Theory)

Coordination Compound Simulator

Werner's Theory: Hexaamminecobalt(III) chloride [Co(NH₃)₆]Cl₃

1. Visualization Controls

Secondary Valency (Solid) Primary Valency (Dashed) Auto-Rotate

2. Werner's Theory

1. Primary Valency (PV): Relates to the Oxidation State (+3 for Co). It is satisfied by negative ions (Cl⁻). PV is Ionizable and non-directional. When dissolved, these ions separate from the complex.

2. Secondary Valency (SV): Relates to the Coordination Number (6 for Co). It is satisfied by neutral molecules (NH₃) or negative ions. SV is Non-Ionizable and strictly directional, determining the geometry (Octahedral).

Result of Ionization:
[Co(NH₃)₆]Cl₃(s) → [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺(aq) + 3Cl⁻(aq)

The coordination sphere (complex ion) remains entirely intact, while the 3 chloride counter-ions dissociate.

Legend

Cobalt (Co³⁺)

Nitrogen (in NH₃)

Hydrogen

Chloride (Cl⁻)

Sec. Valency (Coordinate)

Pri. Valency (Ionic)

Left Click + Drag to Rotate • Scroll to Zoom

📚 Also Read

Lecture Notes

Search This Blog