Group V Cations Analysis Simulator

Group V Cations Analysis

Precipitation of Ba²⁺, Sr²⁺, and Ca²⁺ using (NH₄)₂CO₃.

1. Setup Experiment

Select Unknown Filtrate

Barium (Ba²⁺) Solution Strontium (Sr²⁺) Solution Calcium (Ca²⁺) Solution Magnesium (Mg²⁺) Solution [Control - Group VI]

0

1

2

3

2. Observation

Physical State Clear Solution

Status: Standby.
Assume the filtrate from Group IV. In Step 1, Ammonium Carbonate is added to the ammoniacal solution to precipitate alkaline earth metals.

3. Chemical Principles

1. Precipitation: (NH₄)₂CO₃ precipitates the carbonates of Ba, Sr, and Ca. NH₄Cl is present to suppress the ionization of (NH₄)₂CO₃, preventing the precipitation of MgCO₃ (Group VI) which has a higher Kₛₚ.

M²⁺ + CO₃²⁻ → MCO₃↓

2. Dissolution: The carbonates dissolve easily in hot, dilute Acetic Acid, releasing CO₂ gas.

MCO₃ + 2CH₃COOH → M(CH₃COO)₂ + H₂O + CO₂↑

Visual Key

Aqueous Solution

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