Group 1 Cations (HCl Group) Simulator

Group 1 Cation Analysis

Precipitation of Insoluble Chlorides (Pb²⁺, Ag⁺) using Dilute HCl.

1. Setup Experiment

Select Unknown Salt Solution

Lead(II) Nitrate [Pb(NO₃)₂] Silver Nitrate [AgNO₃] Copper(II) Sulfate [CuSO₄] [Control]

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2. Observation

Physical State Clear Solution

Status: Standby.
Group 1 cations form insoluble chlorides when treated with dilute HCl. Select a salt solution and add dilute HCl to begin.

3. Chemical Principles

Group Reagent: Dilute HCl.
Precipitation: Pb²⁺, Ag⁺, and Hg₂²⁺ precipitate as white chlorides because their solubility products (K_sp) are exceptionally low in acidic media.

Mⁿ⁺ + nCl⁻ → MClₙ↓ (White Ppt)

Visual Key

Clear Solution

White Chloride Ppt (AgCl / PbCl₂)

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