Redox Reactions
Chapter 2 | Section 4: Oxidation & Reduction
1. Classical Concept
Oxidation
- Addition of Oxygen.
- Removal of Hydrogen.
$2Mg + O_2 \rightarrow 2MgO$
Reduction
- Addition of Hydrogen.
- Removal of Oxygen.
$CuO + H_2 \rightarrow Cu + H_2O$
2. Electronic Concept
In modern chemistry, redox is explained by the transfer of electrons:
- Oxidation: Loss of electrons by an atom or ion.
$Fe^{2+} \rightarrow Fe^{3+} + e^-$ - Reduction: Gain of electrons by an atom or ion.
$Cu^{2+} + 2e^- \rightarrow Cu$
Remember: OIL RIG (Oxidation Is Loss, Reduction Is Gain)
3. Redox: A Simultaneous Process
Oxidation and reduction always occur together. If one substance loses oxygen (reduced), another must gain it (oxidized).
- Oxidizing Agent: The substance that provides oxygen or removes hydrogen (gets reduced).
- Reducing Agent: The substance that provides hydrogen or removes oxygen (gets oxidized).
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