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Quiz on P block elements

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- September 19, 2025

P-Block Elements Quiz

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Important graphs of Chemical Kinetics

- March 03, 2023

Do visit for video lectures on important concepts and problems for exam. Complete Revision Notes Quiz Revision Notes Downloads

Major Oxidizing and Reducing Agents in Organic Chemistry for JEE & NEET

- January 29, 2025

Oxidation and reduction reactions play a crucial role in organic chemistry, especially in mechanisms involving alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and hydrocarbons. Understanding the major oxidizing and reducing agents is essential for JEE and NEET aspirants as these reactions frequently appear in reaction mechanisms, conversions, and name reactions . 1. Oxidizing Agents in Organic Chemistry Oxidizing agents facilitate the removal of electrons or increase in oxidation number of a compound by providing oxygen or removing hydrogen. Common Oxidizing Agents Oxidizing Agent Common Uses Limitations KMnO₄ (Potassium Permanganate) Oxidizes alkenes to diols, alcohols to acids, and aldehydes to acids. Over-oxidation is common; strong and non-selective. K₂Cr₂O₇ (Potassium Dichromate) Converts primary alcohols to carboxylic acids and secondary alcohols to ketones. Toxic and non-selective in some cases. CrO₃ (Chromium Trioxide, Jones Reagent) Oxidizes alcohol...

Octane and Cetane Number: Understanding Fuel Quality and Performance

- February 05, 2025

When it comes to fuel efficiency and engine performance, Octane Number and Cetane Number are two crucial parameters. While the Octane Number applies to petrol (gasoline) , the Cetane Number is relevant for diesel fuels . Understanding these values helps in choosing the right fuel for vehicles, improving combustion efficiency, and reducing engine knocking . What is the Octane Number? The Octane Number (Octane Rating) measures a fuel's resistance to knocking (or pre-ignition) in a petrol engine. Knocking occurs when the air-fuel mixture ignites prematurely, causing inefficient combustion and potential engine damage. Types of Octane Ratings There are three common octane ratings used worldwide: Research Octane Number (RON) – Measured under low-speed, low-load conditions. Motor Octane Number (MON) – Measured under high-speed, high-load conditions. Anti-Knock Index (AKI) – The average of RON and MON, commonly used in the US. Octane Number Scale The Octane Number i...