Types of Carbocation: Stability & Structure
Carbocations are reactive intermediates in organic chemistry characterized by a positively charged carbon atom with three bonds and an empty p orbital. Their instability makes them highly reactive, often serving as reaction intermediates in various organic transformations. Carbocations can be classified based on their substitution pattern as primary, secondary, or tertiary, with stability increasing in the order tertiary > secondary > primary due to hyperconjugation and inductive effects. Their reactivity influences reaction mechanisms, including electrophilic additions and substitutions.
Understanding the stability of carbocations is fundamental for predicting the products of many organic reactions, such as SN1 substitutions and E1 eliminations. This chart visually represents the different types of carbocations and their relative stabilities.
Figure 1: Stability Order of Carbocations (3° > 2° > 1°)
Can you give for other intermediates as well.
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