Reaction Chart of Acid Chloride (R-COCl)
Acid chlorides are the most reactive derivatives of carboxylic acids, serving as vital intermediates in Organic Chemistry synthesis for JEE, NEET, and Board exams.
Because the chloride ion is an excellent leaving group, acid chlorides (Acyl chlorides) undergo rapid Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution. They react efficiently with a variety of nucleophiles to form esters, amides, anhydrides, and alcohols.
This reaction chart provides a visual summary of these critical transformations, including the Rosenmund Reduction and reactions with Grignard reagents, making your revision systematic and fast.
Figure: Major Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Pathways for Acid Chlorides
High-Yield Exam Points
- Rosenmund Reduction: Pd/BaSO4 (poisoned catalyst) converts R-COCl specifically to Aldehydes.
- Reactivity: Acid Chloride > Acid Anhydride > Ester > Amide.
- Schotten-Baumann Reaction: Preparation of amides/esters using acid chlorides in the presence of a base (NaOH/Pyridine).
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