Halide Confirmatory Test Simulator

Halide Test: AgNO₃ + NH₄OH

Confirmatory Test to differentiate Chloride (Cl⁻), Bromide (Br⁻), and Iodide (I⁻).

1. Setup Experiment

Select Unknown Salt Extract

Sodium Chloride (Cl⁻) Sodium Bromide (Br⁻) Potassium Iodide (I⁻)

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1

2

2. Observation

Physical State Clear Extract

Status: Standby.
Start with an aqueous extract of the salt (acidified with HNO₃). In Step 1, Silver Nitrate solution will be added to precipitate the silver halide.

3. Chemical Principles

Step 1 (Precipitation): Halide ions react with Ag⁺ to form insoluble silver halides with distinct colors (White, Pale Yellow, Yellow).

X⁻ + AgNO₃ → AgX↓ + NO₃⁻

Step 2 (Complexation): Excess NH₄OH tests solubility by attempting to form the soluble Diamminesilver(I) complex [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺. Solubility decreases from Cl⁻ to I⁻.

AgCl↓ + 2NH₄OH → [Ag(NH₃)₂]Cl(aq) + 2H₂O

Visual Key

Clear Aqueous Layer

AgCl (Curdy White Ppt)

AgBr (Pale Yellow Ppt)

AgI (Yellow Ppt)

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