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Halide Confirmatory Test Simulator

Halide Confirmatory Test Simulator

Halide Test: AgNO3 + NH4OH

Confirmatory Test to differentiate Chloride (Cl-), Bromide (Br-), and Iodide (I-).

1. Setup Experiment

Select Unknown Salt Extract
0
1
2

2. Observation

Physical State Clear Extract
Status: Standby.
Start with an aqueous extract of the salt (acidified with HNO3). In Step 1, Silver Nitrate solution will be added to precipitate the silver halide.

3. Chemical Principles

Step 1 (Precipitation): Halide ions react with Ag+ to form insoluble silver halides with distinct colors (White, Pale Yellow, Yellow).
X- + AgNO3 → AgX↓ + NO3-

Step 2 (Complexation): Excess NH4OH tests solubility by attempting to form the soluble Diamminesilver(I) complex [Ag(NH3)2]+. Solubility decreases from Cl- to I-.
AgCl↓ + 2NH4OH → [Ag(NH3)2]Cl(aq) + 2H2O
Visual Key
Clear Aqueous Layer
AgCl (Curdy White Ppt)
AgBr (Pale Yellow Ppt)
AgI (Yellow Ppt)

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