Group III Cations Analysis Simulator

Group III Cations Analysis

Precipitation of Al³⁺ and Fe³⁺ using NH₄OH in presence of solid NH₄Cl.

1. Setup Experiment

Select Unknown O.S.

2. Observation

Physical State Clear Solution

Status: Standby.
Start with the Original Solution. In Step 1, Solid NH₄Cl is added and boiled to expel gases, followed by the slow addition of excess NH₄OH solution.

3. Chemical Principles

1. Precipitation (Common Ion Effect): The addition of solid NH₄Cl provides a high concentration of NH₄⁺ ions. This suppresses the ionization of the weak base NH₄OH (Common Ion Effect), severely lowering the OH⁻ concentration.

Only the highly insoluble hydroxides of Group III (Fe, Al) precipitate. Group IV/V hydroxides remain dissolved.

M³⁺ + 3OH⁻ → M(OH)₃↓

Visual Key

Original Solution

Reagents Added

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Lecture Notes

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