Physical Properties of Benzene
Physical State, Melting & Boiling Points, Solubility, and Toxicity.
By chemca Team • Updated Jan 2026
Benzene is a typical aromatic hydrocarbon. Its physical properties are influenced by its high symmetry, non-polar nature, and high carbon-to-hydrogen ratio.
1. Physical State & Odor
- State: Benzene is a colorless liquid at room temperature.
- Odor: It has a characteristic, sweet, "aromatic" odor.
- Combustion: It burns with a sooty flame due to its high carbon content ($C_6H_6$).
2. Melting & Boiling Points
Values
Boiling Point: 353 K (80°C)
Melting Point: 278.5 K (5.5°C)
Symmetry Effect: The melting point of benzene is significantly higher than that of its aliphatic analogues (like n-hexane or cyclohexane). This is because the highly symmetrical planar structure of benzene allows the molecules to pack closely in the crystal lattice.
3. Solubility & Density
Solubility
Being a non-polar hydrocarbon:
- It is immiscible with water.
- It is readily soluble in organic solvents like alcohol, ether, and chloroform.
- It acts as a good solvent for fats, resins, rubber, and iodine.
Density
Benzene is lighter than water. Its density is approximately 0.88 g/cm³ at 20°C.
4. Nature & Toxicity
Safety Profile
Benzene is highly toxic and carcinogenic (cancer-causing). Prolonged exposure to benzene vapors can affect bone marrow and cause leukemia.
Precaution: Use in a fume hood and avoid inhalation.
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