100 Most Common Cations & Anions in Chemistry

100 Most Common Cations & Anions in Chemistry

🔹 Common Cations

 1. Monatomic Cations (Metals)

1. H⁺ (Hydrogen ion / proton)

2. Li⁺ (Lithium)

3. Na⁺ (Sodium)

4. K⁺ (Potassium)

5. Rb⁺ (Rubidium)

6. Cs⁺ (Cesium)

7. Be²⁺ (Beryllium)

8. Mg²⁺ (Magnesium)

9. Ca²⁺ (Calcium)

10. Sr²⁺ (Strontium)

11. Ba²⁺ (Barium)

12. Al³⁺ (Aluminium)

13. Zn²⁺ (Zinc)

14. Cd²⁺ (Cadmium)

15. Ag⁺ (Silver)

16. Cu⁺ (Copper (I))

17. Cu²⁺ (Copper (II))

18. Fe²⁺ (Iron (II))

19. Fe³⁺ (Iron (III))

20. Pb²⁺ (Lead (II))

21. Pb⁴⁺ (Lead (IV))

22. Sn²⁺ (Tin (II))

23. Sn⁴⁺ (Tin (IV))

24. Ni²⁺ (Nickel (II))

25. Co²⁺ (Cobalt (II))

26. Co³⁺ (Cobalt (III))

27. Mn²⁺ (Manganese (II))

28. Mn³⁺ (Manganese (III))

29. Cr²⁺ (Chromium (II))

30. Cr³⁺ (Chromium (III))

31. Hg₂²⁺ (Mercury (I), mercurous)

32. Hg²⁺ (Mercury (II), mercuric)

 2. Polyatomic Cations

33. NH₄⁺ (Ammonium)

34. H₃O⁺ (Hydronium)

🔹 Common Anions

1. Monatomic Anions (Nonmetals)

35. H⁻ (Hydride)

36. F⁻ (Fluoride)

37. Cl⁻ (Chloride)

38. Br⁻ (Bromide)

39. I⁻ (Iodide)

40. O²⁻ (Oxide)

41. O₂²⁻ (Peroxide)

42. S²⁻ (Sulfide)

43. Se²⁻ (Selenide)

44. N³⁻ (Nitride)

45. P³⁻ (Phosphide)

46. C⁴⁻ (Carbide)

2. Polyatomic Oxyanions

47. OH⁻ (Hydroxide)

48. CN⁻ (Cyanide)

49. NO₂⁻ (Nitrite)

50. NO₃⁻ (Nitrate)

51. CO₃²⁻ (Carbonate)

52. HCO₃⁻ (Bicarbonate / Hydrogen carbonate)

53. SO₃²⁻ (Sulfite)

54. SO₄²⁻ (Sulfate)

55. HSO₄⁻ (Bisulfate / Hydrogen sulfate)

56. S₂O₃²⁻ (Thiosulfate)

57. ClO⁻ (Hypochlorite)

58. ClO₂⁻ (Chlorite)

59. ClO₃⁻ (Chlorate)

60. ClO₄⁻ (Perchlorate)

61. BrO₃⁻ (Bromate)

62. IO₃⁻ (Iodate)

63. MnO₄⁻ (Permanganate)

64. CrO₄²⁻ (Chromate)

65. Cr₂O₇²⁻ (Dichromate)

66. PO₄³⁻ (Phosphate)

67. HPO₄²⁻ (Hydrogen phosphate)

68. H₂PO₄⁻ (Dihydrogen phosphate)

69. BO₃³⁻ (Borate)

70. SiO₃²⁻ (Silicate)

71. C₂O₄²⁻ (Oxalate)

72. SCN⁻ (Thiocyanate)

73. OCN⁻ (Cyanate)

74. HSO₃⁻ (Bisulfite / Hydrogen sulfite)

3. Organic Anions 

75. CH₃COO⁻ (Acetate)

76. C₆H₅COO⁻ (Benzoate)

77. C₂H₅COO⁻ (Propionate)

78. HCOO⁻ (Formate)

79. C₆H₅O⁻ (Phenoxide)

80. C₃H₅O₃⁻ (Lactate)

81. C₄H₅O₆²⁻ (Tartrate)

82. C₆H₅SO₃⁻ (Benzenesulfonate)

🔹 Less Common but Important 

83. AlO₂⁻ (Aluminate)

84. ZnO₂²⁻ (Zincate)

85. FeO₄²⁻ (Ferrate)

86. CoO₄²⁻ (Cobaltate)

87. Ni(CO)₄²⁻ (Tetracarbonyl nickelate)

88. [Fe(CN)₆]³⁻ (Ferricyanide)

89. [Fe(CN)₆]⁴⁻ (Ferrocyanide)

90. [Cu(NH₃)₄]²⁺ (Tetraammine copper (II))

91. [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺ (Diamine silver)

92. [Zn(NH₃)₄]²⁺ (Tetraammine zinc)

93. [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺ (Hexaammine cobalt (III))

94. [Cr(H₂O)₆]³⁺ (Hexaaqua chromium (III))

95. [Ni(CN)₄]²⁻ (Tetracyanonickelate (II))

96. [Cu(CN)₄]³⁻ (Tetracyanocuprate (I))

97. [Ag(CN)₂]⁻ (Dicyanoargentate (I))

98. [PtCl₆]²⁻ (Hexachloroplatinate (IV))

99. [AuCl₄]⁻ (Tetrachloroaurate (III))

100. [MnO₄]²⁻ (Manganate)