Group 18 Compounds
Xenon Difluoride ($XeF_2$): Preparation, Structure & Properties
Xenon, a noble gas, was once thought to be completely inert. However, under specific conditions, it reacts with fluorine to form stable fluorides like $XeF_2$.
1. Preparation of Xenon Difluoride
$XeF_2$ is prepared by heating a mixture of Xenon and Fluorine in a 2:1 ratio (excess Xenon) at $400^\circ\text{C}$ and 1 bar pressure.
Thermal Synthesis
$Xe(g) (\text{excess}) + F_2(g) \xrightarrow{673\text{ K}, 1\text{ bar}} XeF_2(s)$
Structure (VSEPR)
- Hybridization: $sp^3d$ (5 electron pairs).
- Geometry: Trigonal Bipyramidal.
- Shape: Linear (3 lone pairs at equatorial positions to minimize repulsion).
Figure: Comprehensive Reaction Chart of Xenon Difluoride ($XeF_2$)
2. Chemical Properties & Reactions
$XeF_2$ is a strong fluorinating and oxidizing agent. It readily hydrolyzes in water and reacts with fluoride ion acceptors.
Key Chemical Reactions
- Hydrolysis: Slowly hydrolyzes in water to release Oxygen.
$2XeF_2 + 2H_2O \rightarrow 2Xe + 4HF + O_2$ - Fluorinating Agent: Fluorinates benzene to fluorobenzene.
$C_6H_6 + XeF_2 \rightarrow C_6H_5F + Xe + HF$ - Reaction with Lewis Acids: Forms cationic species.
$XeF_2 + PF_5 \rightarrow [XeF]^+[PF_6]^-$
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